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| 型号： | 139P50.5252.FAR |
| 英文描述： | UNIVERSAL JOINT |
| 中文描述： | 万向节 |
| 文件页数： | 10/16页 |
| 文件大小： | 260K |
| 代理商： | 139P50.5252.FAR |
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Fax: +44 (0)1992 509890
UNIVERSAL JOINTS
2
application
Universal joints are typically used to transmit positive rotation
through intentional offsets where the power source is some way
from the load. It is important to note that a U/J is essentially a
pivot and that it cannot accommodate any parallel displacement
between shafts if used singly. Moreover, the installation must
allow for some adjustment when mounting the joint so that the
shaft centre lines can be made to converge at the fulcrum of the
joint. This is essential if the joint is to function correctly and not
impose excessive radial loads on adjacent bearings.
Most applications however, demand a pair of U/J’s. This yields
several advantages including constant velocity output, a less
critical installation procedure, a shared operating angle (each joint
works at 50% of the total), and the ability to drive through laterally
displaced shafts. A pair of joints can comprise a drive shaft with a
U/J at each end or a double U/J for close coupled applications. A
double U/J offers greater misalignment compensation than a
misalignment coupler and runs at higher efficiency. For a given
torque rating however, it is usually significantly longer.
Telescopic drive shafts with a single U/J fitted at each end are
used to power mechanisms that move in relation to the power
source. The most common example is the drive shaft
connecting the gearbox to the rear axle on a road vehicle.
Another is the power take-off fitted at the rear of a tractor to
power-up ancillaries towed behind it. There are many more
applications in machine tools, packaging machinery and the
like. As the driven mechanism moves, the distance between the
U/J centres changes and since U/J’s cannot accommodate end
movement, a telescoping facility is built into the drive shafts.
Typically, this takes the form of a splined shaft with matching
broached tube. For lightly loaded or less critical applications,
nesting tubes cut from square material are adequate for the
purpose. It should be noted that although a pair of U/J’s
connected by a drive shaft and correctly set up will produce a
constant velocity output, the connecting shaft turns in
sympathy with the output of the first joint and is therefore
subject to the fluctuations governed by the working angle of the
first joint.
selection
U/J’s are selected for size on the basis of the torque to be
transmitted, the speed of rotation and the operating angle.
These variables give rise to a performance chart on which the
values can be read off and a suitable joint selected. Factors
relating to the nature of the power source or load are
sometimes applied. A single cylinder internal combustion
engine for example is more punishing to the transmission than
an electric motor. An even load is less onerous than an
intermittent one.
In principle, a U/J works harder as the operating angle
increases. The larger the operating angle, the lower the torque
or the speed at which it can be transmitted, or both.
In selecting the best type of universal joint for a given
application, the intended duty and life requirement are the
determining factors. High speeds and/or operating angles are
best handled by U/J’s fitted with roller bearings. These are
lubricated for life but it is nevertheless a good plan to protect
the moving surfaces with a gaiter which prevents the ingress of dust,
moisture and other foreign matter. Roller bearing joints are generally
specified where sustained rotational speeds exceed 1200/1500 rpm.
The most commonly specified joints are those fitted with plain
bearings. These are better at withstanding shock loads and are
adequate for speeds up to 1200/1500 rpm. Journals and
bearings are usually heat treated then ground and honed
respectively. On larger U/J’s , the bearing may be manufactured
separately and pressed into the parent metal before assembly.
To ensure an adequate service life, U/J’s should be regularly
lubricated. Where this is difficult due to inaccessibility, gaiters
will retain the lubricant and afford protection in aggressive
environments. For low speed or manual operation only, an
‘economy series’ joint may be adequate. These are
manufactured to looser tolerances and dispense with the
hardening, grinding and honing of bearings.
Lastly, U/J’s manufactured in plastics combined with non-
ferrous metals offer economy plus a set of properties not found
in steel joints. Foremost among these are their light weight,
resistance to corrosion electrical non-conductivity and freedom
from both lubrication and backlash. A supreme advantage of
the moulding technique is the cost-saving opportunities it
offers. Examples are the ease of producing non-circular bores
and the ability to integrate related components in the moulding
process, typically gear forms and toothed belt pulleys.
Compared with similarly sized steel joints, plastics U/J’s have a
significantly lower torque carrying capability.
Joint with protective
gaiter fitted
Correctly installed, the shaft
centre lines converge at the
fulcrum of the joint.
Lateral displacement
Each joint operates at
50% of total offset
50
%
50%
100%
Huco-Pol U/J's and telescopic
drives are manufactured in acetal
and non-ferrous metals for cost-
effective use in light duty
applications. Bored 3mm to
16mm, the joints feature
backlash-free articulation.
Catalogue available on request.
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