![](http://datasheet.mmic.net.cn/190000/HCNR200_datasheet_14913144/HCNR200_17.png)
17
toworryabout.However,thesecondcircuitrequirestwo
optocouplers, separate gain adjustments for the posi
tiveandnegativeportionsofthesignal,andcanexhibit
crossoverdistortionnearzerovolts.Thecorrectcircuitto
chooseforanapplicationwoulddependontherequire
ments of that particular application. As with the basic
isolationamplifiercircuitinFigure12a,thecircuitsinFig
ure14aresimplifiedandwouldrequireafewadditional
componentstofunctionproperly.Twoexamplecircuits
thatoperatewithbipolarinputsignalsarediscussedin
thenextsection.
Asafinalexampleofcircuitdesignflexibility,thesimpli
fiedschematicsinFigure15illustratehowtoimplement
420 mA analog currentloop transmitter and receiver
circuitsusingtheHCNR200/201optocoupler.Animpor
tantfeatureofthesecircuitsisthattheloopsideofthe
circuitispoweredentirelybytheloopcurrent,eliminat
ingtheneedforanisolatedpowersupply.
TheinputandoutputcircuitsinFigure15aarethesame
asthenegativeinputandpositiveoutputcircuitsshown
inFigures13cand13b,exceptfortheadditionofR3and
zenerdiodeD1ontheinputsideofthecircuit.D1regu
latesthesupplyvoltagefortheinputamplifier,whileR3
formsacurrentdividerwithR1toscaletheloopcurrent
downfrom20mAtoanappropriatelevelfortheinput
circuit(<50A).
Asinthesimplercircuits,theinputamplifieradjuststhe
LEDcurrentsothatbothofitsinputterminalsareatthe
samevoltage.Theloopcurrentisthendivided
betweenR1andR3.I
PD1isequaltothecurrentinR1and
isgivenbythefollowingequation:
I
PD1=ILOOP*R3/(R1+R3).
Combiningtheaboveequationwiththeequationsused
for Figure 12a yields an overall expression relating the
outputvoltagetotheloopcurrent,
V
OUT/ILOOP=K*(R2*R3)/(R1+R3).
Again,youcanseethattherelationshipisconstant,lin
ear,andindependentofthecharacteristicsoftheLED.
The420mAtransmittercircuitinFigure15bisalittledif
ferentfromthepreviouscircuits,particularlytheoutput
circuit.Theoutputcircuitdoesnotdirectlygeneratean
outputvoltagewhichissensedbyR2,itinsteadusesQ1
togenerateanoutputcurrentwhichflowsthroughR3.
ThisoutputcurrentgeneratesavoltageacrossR3,which
isthensensedbyR2.Ananalysissimilartotheoneabove
yields the following expression relating output current
toinputvoltage:
I
LOOP/VIN=K*(R2+R3)/(R1*R3).
Circuit Design Flexibility
Circuit design with the HCNR200/201 is very flexible
because the LED and both photodiodes are accessible
tothedesigner.Thisallowsthedesignertomakeperf
ormancetradeoffsthatwouldotherwisebedifficultto
make with commercially available isolation amplifiers
(e.g.,bandwidthvs.accuracyvs.cost).Analogisolation
circuitscanbedesignedforapplicationsthathaveeither
unipolar(e.g.,010V)orbipolar(e.g.,±10V)signals,with
positive or negative input or output voltages. Several
simplifiedcircuittopologiesillustratingthedesignflex
ibilityoftheHCNR200/201arediscussedbelow.
ThecircuitinFigure12aisconfiguredtobenoninvert
ingwithpositiveinputandoutputvoltages.Bysimply
changingthepolarityofoneorbothofthephotodiodes,
theLED,ortheopampinputs,itispossibletoimplement
othercircuitconfigurationsaswell.Figure13illustrates
howtochangethebasiccircuittoaccommodateboth
positiveandnegativeinputandoutputvoltages.Thein
putandoutputcircuitscanbematchedtoachieveany
combinationofpositiveandnegativevoltages,allowing
forbothinvertingandnoninvertingcircuits.
All of the configurations described above are unipolar
(singlepolarity);thecircuitscannotaccommodateasig
nalthatmightswingbothpositiveandnegative.Itispos
sible,however,tousetheHCNR200/201optocouplerto
implementabipolarisolationamplifier.Twotopologies
thatallowforbipolaroperationareshowninFigure14.
The circuit in Figure14a uses two current sources to
offsetthesignalsothatitappearstobeunipolartothe
optocoupler.CurrentsourceI
OS1providesenoughoffset
toensurethatI
PD1isalwayspositive.Thesecondcurrent
source,I
OS2,providesanoffsetofoppositepolaritytoob
tainanetcircuitoffsetofzero.CurrentsourcesI
OS1 and
I
OS2canbeimplementedsimplyasresistorsconnectedto
suitablevoltagesources.
ThecircuitinFigure14busestwooptocouplerstoobtain
bipolaroperation.Thefirstoptocouplerhandlesthepos
itive voltage excursions, while the second optocoupler
handlesthenegativeones.Theoutputphotodiodesare
connectedinanantiparallelconfigurationsothatthey
produceoutputsignalsofoppositepolarity.
Thefirstcircuithastheobviousadvantageofrequiring
onlyoneoptocoupler;however,theoffsetperformance
ofthecircuitisdependentonthematchingofI
OS1 and
I
OS2andisalsodependentonthegainoftheoptocoupler.
Changesinthegainoftheoptocouplerwilldirectlyaf
fecttheoffsetofthecircuit.
The offset performance of the second circuit, on the
other hand, is much more stable; it is independent of
optocouplergainandhasnomatchedcurrentsources