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ISL28278, ISL28478
13
FN6145.4
August 16, 2011
expected supply currents and possible noise injection into the
channel being used. The proper way to prevent this oscillation is
to short the output to the negative input, and ground the positive
input (as shown in Figure
40).
Proper Layout Maximizes Performance
To achieve maximum performance from the high input
impedance and low offset voltage of the ISL28278 and
ISL28478, care should be taken in circuit board layout. The PC
board surface must remain clean and free of moisture to avoid
leakage currents between adjacent traces. Surface coating of the
circuit board reduces surface moisture and provides a humidity
barrier, reducing parasitic resistance on the board.
Current Limiting
The ISL28278 and ISL28478 have no internal current-limiting
circuitry. If the output is shorted, it is possible to exceed the
absolute maximum rating for output current or power
dissipation, potentially resulting in destruction of the device.
Power Dissipation
It is possible to exceed the +150°C maximum junction
temperatures under certain load and power-supply conditions. It
is therefore important to calculate the maximum junction
temperature (TJMAX) for all applications, to determine whether
power supply voltages, load conditions, or package type need to
be modified to remain in the safe operating area. These
parameters are related in Equation
1:
where:
TMAX = Maximum ambient temperature
θJA = Thermal resistance of the package
PDMAXTOTAL is the sum of the maximum power dissipation of
each amplifier in the package (PDMAX)
PDMAX for each amplifier is calculated in Equation 2: where:
PDMAX = Maximum power dissipation of one amplifier
VS = Supply voltage (magnitude of V+ and V-)
ISMAX = Maximum supply current of one amplifier
VOUTMAX = Maximum output voltage swing of the application
RL = Load resistance
Application Circuits
THERMOCOUPLE AMPLIFIER
Thermocouples are the most popular temperature-sensing
device because of their low cost, interchangeability, and ability to
measure a wide range of temperatures. The ISL28x78 (see
Figure
41) is used to convert the differential thermocouple
voltage into a single-ended signal with 10x gain. The amplifier’s
rail-to-rail input characteristic allows the thermocouple to be
biased at ground and the amplifier to run from a single 5V
supply.
ECG AMPLIFIER
In medical applications, ECG amplifiers must extract millivolt low
frequency AC signals from the skin of the patient while rejecting
AC common mode interference and static DC potentials created
at the electrode-to-skin interface. In Figure
42, the ISL28278
(U1) forms one of the multiple high gain AC band-pass amplifiers
using active feedback. Amplifier U1B and RC RF1, CF1 form a
high gain LP filtered amplifier with the corner frequency given by
Inserting the low pass amplifier, U1B, in the U1A feedback loop
results in an overall high-pass frequency response. Voltage
divider pairs R1-R2 and R3-R4 set the overall amplifier pass-band
gain. The DC input offset is canceled by U1B at the U1A inverting
input. Resistor divider pair R3-R4 defines the maximum input DC
level that is canceled, and is given by Equation
4:In the passband range, U1B gain is +1, and the total signal gain
is defined by the divider ratios according to Equation
5:At frequencies greater than the LPF corner, the R1-C1 and R3-C3
networks work to roll-off the U1A gain to unity. Setting both R-C
time constants to the same value simplifies to Equation
6:
Right leg drive and reference amplifiers U2A and U2B form a DC
feedback loop that applies a correction voltage at the right leg
FIGURE 40. PREVENTING OSCILLATIONS IN UNUSED CHANNELS
-
+
1/2 ISL28278
1/4 ISL28478
TJMAX
TMAX θJAxPDMAXTOTAL
()
+
=
(EQ. 1)
PDMAX
2*VS ISMAX VS
(
- VOUTMAX)
VOUTMAX
RL
------------------------
×
+
×
=
(EQ. 2)
-
+
5V
+
V+
V-
ISL28x78
10k
R3
10k
R2
R4
100k
R1
100k
410V/°C
FIGURE 41. THERMOCOUPLE AMPLIFIER
COLD JUNCTION
COMPENSATION
K TYPE
THERMOCOUPLE
f-HPF-3dB
1
2Pi
×
RF1
×
CF1
×
--------------------------------------------------
=
(EQ. 3)
VINDC
V+
R4
R3 R4
+
--------------------
×
=
(EQ. 4)
VOUTU1 GAIN
VOUT
VIN
-------------
R1 R2
+
R2
--------------------
R3 R4
+
R4
--------------------
×
=
(EQ. 5)
f-LPF-3dB
1
2Pi
×
R1
×
C1
×
-----------------------------------------
=
(EQ. 6)