参数资料
型号: LMX2330LTMX/NOPB
厂商: NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORP
元件分类: PLL合成/DDS/VCOs
英文描述: PLL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER, 2500 MHz, PDSO20
封装: 0.173 INCH, TSSOP-20
文件页数: 11/26页
文件大小: 631K
代理商: LMX2330LTMX/NOPB
Application Information
A block diagram of the basic phase locked loop is shown in
LOOP GAIN EQUATIONS
A linear control system model of the phase feedback for a
PLL in the locked state is shown in
Figure 2. The open loop
gain is the product of the phase comparator gain (K
φ), the
VCO gain (K
VCO/s), and the loop filter gain Z(s) divided by
the gain of the feedback counter modulus (N). The passive
loop filter configuration used is displayed in
Figure 3, while
the complex impedance of the filter is given in
(1)
The time constants which determine the pole and zero fre-
quencies of the filter transfer function can be defined as
(2)
and
T2=R2
C2
(3)
The 3rd order PLL Open Loop Gain can be calculated in
terms of frequency,
ω, the filter time constants T1 and T2,
and the design constants Kφ,KVCO, and N.
(4)
From
Equations (2), (3) we can see that the phase term will
be dependent on the single pole and zero such that the
phase margin is determined in
φ(ω) = tan 1 T2) tan1 T1) + 180
(5)
A plot of the magnitude and phase of G(s)H(s) for a stable
loop, is shown in
Figure 4 with a solid trace. The parameter
φ
p shows the amount of phase margin that exists at the point
the gain drops below zero (the cutoff frequency wp of the
loop). In a critically damped system, the amount of phase
margin would be approximately 45 degrees.
If we were now to redefine the cut off frequency, wp’, as
double the frequency which gave us our original loop band-
width, wp, the loop response time would be approximately
halved. Because the filter attenuation at the comparison
frequency also diminishes, the spurs would have increased
by approximately 6 dB. In the proposed Fastlock scheme,
the higher spur levels and wider loop filter conditions would
exist only during the initial lock-on phase — just long enough
to reap the benefits of locking faster. The objective would be
to open up the loop bandwidth but not introduce any addi-
tional complications or compromises related to our original
design criteria. We would ideally like to momentarily shift the
curve of
Figure 4 over to a different cutoff frequency, illus-
trated by the dotted line, without affecting the relative open
loop gain and phase relationships. To maintain the same
gain/phase relationship at twice the original cutoff frequency,
other terms in the gain and phase
(5) will have to compensate by the corresponding “1/w” or
“1/w
2” factor. Examination of equations Equations (2), (3)
and
Equation (5) indicates the damping resistor variable R2
could be chosen to compensate the “w”’ terms for the phase
01280614
FIGURE 1. Basic Charge Pump Phase Locked Loop
01280615
FIGURE 2. PLL Linear Model
01280616
FIGURE 3. Passive Loop Filter
LMX2330L/LMX2331L/LMX2332L
www.national.com
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