参数资料
型号: LTC3891HFE#TRPBF
厂商: LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORP
元件分类: 稳压器
英文描述: SWITCHING CONTROLLER, 900 kHz SWITCHING FREQ-MAX, PDSO20
封装: 4.40 MM, LEAD FREE, PLASTIC, TSSOP-20
文件页数: 16/32页
文件大小: 1931K
代理商: LTC3891HFE#TRPBF
LTC3891
23
3891f
charge required to turn on the top MOSFET. Low duty
cycle applications may approach this minimum on-time
limit and care should be taken to ensure that:
tON(MIN) <
VOUT
VIN f
( )
If the duty cycle falls below what can be accommodated
by the minimum on-time, the controller will begin to skip
cycles. The output voltage will continue to be regulated,
but the ripple voltage and current will increase.
The minimum on-time for the LTC3891 is approximately
95ns. However, as the peak sense voltage decreases the
minimum on-time gradually increases up to about 130ns.
This is of particular concern in forced continuous applica-
tions with low ripple current at light loads. If the duty cycle
drops below the minimum on-time limit in this situation,
a significant amount of cycle skipping can occur with cor-
respondingly larger current and voltage ripple.
Efficiency Considerations
The percent efficiency of a switching regulator is equal to
the output power divided by the input power times 100%.
It is often useful to analyze individual losses to determine
what is limiting the efficiency and which change would
produce the most improvement. Percent efficiency can
be expressed as:
%Efficiency = 100% – (L1 + L2 + L3 + ...)
where L1, L2, etc. are the individual losses as a percent-
age of input power.
Although all dissipative elements in the circuit produce
losses, four main sources usually account for most of the
losses in LTC3891 circuits: 1) IC VIN current, 2) INTVCC
regulator current, 3) I2R losses, 4) topside MOSFET
transition losses.
1. The VIN current is the DC supply current given in the
ElectricalCharacteristicstable,whichexcludesMOSFET
driver and control currents. VIN current typically results
in a small (<0.1%) loss.
2. INTVCC current is the sum of the MOSFET driver and
control currents. The MOSFET driver current results
from switching the gate capacitance of the power
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
MOSFETs. Each time a MOSFET gate is switched from
low to high to low again, a packet of charge, dQ, moves
from INTVCC to ground. The resulting dQ/dt is a current
out of INTVCC that is typically much larger than the
control circuit current. In continuous mode, IGATECHG
= f(QT + QB), where QT and QB are the gate charges of
the topside and bottom side MOSFETs.
SupplyingINTVCCfromanoutput-derivedsourcepower
through EXTVCC will scale the VIN current required
for the driver and control circuits by a factor of (Duty
Cycle)/(Efficiency). For example, in a 20V to 5V applica-
tion, 10mA of INTVCC current results in approximately
2.5mA of VIN current. This reduces the midcurrent loss
from 10% or more (if the driver was powered directly
from VIN) to only a few percent.
3. I2R losses are predicted from the DC resistances of the
fuse (if used), MOSFET, inductor, current sense resis-
tor and input and output capacitor ESR. In continuous
mode the average output current flows through L and
RSENSE, but is chopped between the topside MOSFET
andthesynchronousMOSFET.IfthetwoMOSFETshave
approximately the same RDS(ON), then the resistance
of one MOSFET can simply be summed with the resis-
tances of L, RSENSE and ESR to obtain I2R losses. For
example, if each RDS(ON) = 30mΩ, RL = 50mΩ, RSENSE
= 10mΩ and RESR = 40mΩ (sum of both input and
output capacitance losses), then the total resistance
is 130mΩ. This results in losses ranging from 3% to
13% as the output current increases from 1A to 5A for
a 5V output, or a 4% to 20% loss for a 3.3V output.
Efficiency varies as the inverse square of VOUT for the
same external components and output power level. The
combined effects of increasingly lower output voltages
andhighercurrentsrequiredbyhighperformancedigital
systemsisnotdoublingbutquadruplingtheimportance
of loss terms in the switching regulator system!
4. Transition losses apply only to the topside MOSFET(s),
and become significant only when operating at high
input voltages (typically 15V or greater). Transition
losses can be estimated from:
Transition Loss = (1.7) VIN 2 IO(MAX) CRSS f
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