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参数资料
| 型号： | MPSH81RL |
| 厂商： | ON SEMICONDUCTOR |
| 元件分类： | 小信号晶体管 |
| 英文描述： | Si, PNP, RF SMALL SIGNAL TRANSISTOR, TO-92 |
| 封装： | PLASTIC, TO-226AA, 3 PIN |
| 文件页数： | 25/35页 |
| 文件大小： | 320K |
| 代理商： | MPSH81RL |
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Reliability and Quality Assurance
9–18
Motorola Small–Signal Transistors, FETs and Diodes Device Data
Figure 2. Impact of Assignable Causes
on Process Predictable
Figure 3. Difference Between Process
Control and Process Capability
?
Process “under control” – all assignable causes are
removed and future distribution is predictable.
PREDICTION
TIME
SIZE
TIME
PREDICTION
SIZE
TIME
Out of control
(assignable causes present)
In control assignable
causes eliminated
SIZE
TIME
In control but not capable
(variation from random variability
excessive)
Lower
Specification Limit
Upper
Specification Limit
In control and capable
(variation from random
variability reduced)
?
At Motorola, for critical parameters, the process capability
is acceptable with a Cpk = 1.50 with continual improvement
our goal. The desired process capability is a Cpk = 2 and the
ideal is a Cpk = 5. Cpk, by definition, shows where the current
production process fits with relationship to the specification
limits. Off center distributions or excessive process variability
will result in less than optimum conditions.
SPC IMPLEMENTATION AND USE
CPSTG uses many parameters that show conformance to
specification. Some parameters are sensitive to process
variations while others remain constant for a given product
line. Often, specific parameters are influenced when changes
to other parameters occur. It is both impractical and
unnecessary to monitor all parameters using SPC methods.
Only critical parameters that are sensitive to process
variability are chosen for SPC monitoring. The process steps
affecting these critical parameters must be identified as well.
It is equally important to find a measurement in these process
steps that correlates with product performance. This
measurement is called a critical process parameter.
Once the critical process parameters are selected, a
sample plan must be determined. The samples used for
measurement are organized into RATIONAL SUBGROUPS
of approximately two to five pieces. The subgroup size should
be such that variation among the samples within the subgroup
remain small. All samples must come from the same source
e.g., the same mold press operator, etc. Subgroup data should
be collected at appropriate time intervals to detect variations
in the process. As the process begins to show improved
stability, the interval may be increased. The data collected
must be carefully documented and maintained for later
correlation. Examples of common documentation entries are
operator, machine, time, settings, product type, etc.
Once the plan is established, data collection may begin. The
data collected with generate X and R values that are plotted
with respect to time. X refers to the mean of the values within
a given subgroup, while R is the range or greatest value minus
least value. When approximately 20 or more X and R values
have been generated, the average of these values is
computed as follows:
X = (X + X2 + X3 + . . .)/K
R = (R1 + R2 + R2 + . . .)/K
where K = the number of subgroups measured.
The values of X and R are used to create the process control
chart. Control charts are the primary SPC tool used to signal
a problem. Shown in Figure 4, process control charts show X
and R values with respect to time and concerning reference
to upper and lower control limit values. Control limits are
computed as follows:
R upper control limit = UCLR = D4 R
R lower control limit = LCLR = D3 R
X upper control limit = UCLX = X + A2 R
X lower control limit = LCL X = X – A2 R
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