3
TC1682/3/4-1 8/14/00
TC1682
TC1683
TC1684
Inverting Charge Pump Voltage
Doublers with Active High Shutdown
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The TC1682, TC1683 and TC1684 inverting charge
pump converters perform a –2x multiplication of the voltage
applied to the VIN pin. Conversion is performed using two
synchronous switching matrices and three external ca-
pacitors. When the shutdown input is held at a logic high,
the device goes into a very low power mode of operation
consuming less than 1uA of supply current.
Figure 1 (below) is a block diagram representation of the
TC1682, TC1683 and TC1684 architecture. The first switch-
ing stage inverts the voltage present at VIN and the second
stage uses ‘–VIN’ generated from the first stage to produce
the ‘–2X’ output function from the second stage switching
matrix.
Each device contains an on-board oscillator that syn-
chronously controls the operation of the charge pump switch-
ing matrices. The TC1682 synchronously switches at 12kHz,
the TC1683 synchronously switches at 35kHz, and the
TC1684 synchronously switches at 125kHz. The different
oscillator frequencies for this device family allow the user to
trade-off capacitor size versus supply current. Faster oscil-
lators can use smaller external capacitors, but will consume
more supply current (see Electrical Characteristics Table).
When the shutdown input is in a high state, the oscillator
and both switch matrices are powered off placing the TC1682,
TC1683 and TC1684 in the shutdown mode. When the VIN
supply input is powered from an external battery, the shut-
down mode minimizes power consumption, which in turn will
extend the life of the battery.
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Output Voltage Considerations
The TC1682, TC1683 and TC1684 perform inverting
voltage conversions but do not provide any type of regula-
tion. The output voltage will droop in a linear manner with
respect to the output
load current.
The value of the
equivalent output resistance is approximately 120
nominal
at +25
°C and VIN = +5V. In this particular case, the output
is approximately –10V at very light loads, and will droop
according to the equation below:
VDROOP = IOUT x ROUT
Capacitor Selection
In order to maintain the lowest output resistance and
output ripple voltage, it is recommended that low ESR
capacitors be used. Additionally, larger values of C1 and C2
will lower the output resistance and larger values of COUT will
reduce output ripple.
NOTE: For proper charge pump
operation, C1 must have a voltage rating greater than or
equal to VIN, while C2 and COUT must have a voltage
rating greater than or equal to 2VIN.
Table 1 shows various values of C1/C2 and the corre-
sponding output resistance values for VIN=5V @ +25°C
Table 2 shows the output voltage ripple for various
values of COUT (again assuming VIN = 5V @ +25oC). The
VRIPPLE values assume a 1mA output load current and a
0.1
ESRCOUT.
VOUT = -2 VIN
–VIN
+
COUT
VIN
SWITCH MATRIX
(1st STAGE)
SWITCH MATRIX
(2nd STAGE)
OSCILLATOR
SHDN
ENABLE
C1
+
C2
+
Table 1. Output Resistance vs. C1/C2 (ESR = 0.1
).
C1,C2(
F) TC1682 ROUT () TC1683 ROUT () TC1684 ROUT ()
0.33
633
184
120
1
262
120
102
3.3
120
95
84
Table 2. Output Voltage Ripple vs. COUT2 (ESR = 0.1), IOUT = 1mA
(1mA)
COUT
TC1682 VRIPPLE
TC1683 VRIPPLE
TC1684 VRIPPLE
(
F)
(mV)
0.33
192
60
27
163
21
16
3.3
17
8
7
Figure 1. Block Diagram