10
TC7136
TC7136A
LOW POWER, 3-1/2 DIGIT
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS
Figure 7. Common-Mode Voltage Removed in Battery Operation With VIN = Analog Common
In systems where common-mode voltages exist, the
86 dB common-mode rejection ratio minimizes error. Com-
mon-mode voltages do, however, affect the integrator out-
put level. A worst-case condition exists if a large positive
VCM exists in conjunction with a full-scale negative differ-
ential signal. The negative signal drives the integrator
output positive along with VCM (see Figure 8.) For such
applications, the integrator output swing can be reduced
below the recommended 2V full-scale swing. The integra-
tor output will swing within 0.3V of V+ or V– without in-
creased linearity error.
Differential Reference
V
+
REF
+ (Pin 36), V
–
REF (Pin 35)
The reference voltage can be generated anywhere
within the V+ to V– power supply range.
To prevent roll-over type errors being induced by large
common-mode voltages, CREF should be large compared to
stray node capacitance.
The TC7136/A offers a significantly improved analog
common temperature coefficient. This potential provides a
very stable voltage, suitable for use as a voltage reference.
The temperature coefficient of analog common is typically
35 ppm/
°C.
ANALOG COMMON (Pin 32)
The analog common pin is set at a voltage potential
approximately 3V below V+. The potential is guaranteed to
be between 2.7V and 3.35V below V+. Analog common is
tied internally to an N-channel FET capable of sinking
100
A. This FET will hold the common line at 3V below V+
if an external load attempts to pull the common line toward
V+. Analog common source current is limited to 1
A. Analog
common is therefore easily pulled to a more negative
voltage (i.e., below V+ – 3V).
The TC7136/A connects the internal VIN+ and V
–
IN
inputs to analog common during the auto-zero phase.
During the reference-integrate phase, V
–
IN is connected to
analog common. If V
–
IN is not externally connected to analog
common, a common-mode voltage exists, but is rejected by
the converter's 86dB common-mode rejection ratio. In bat-
tery operation, analog common and V
–
IN are usually con-
nected, removing common-mode voltage concerns. In sys-
tems where V
–
IN is connected to the power supply ground or
to a given voltage, analog common should be connected to
V
–
IN.
The analog common pin serves to set the analog section
reference, or common point. The TC7136A is specifically
designed to operate from a battery or in any measurement
system where input signals are not referenced (float) with
respect to the TC7136A power source. The analog common
potential of V+ – 3V gives a 7V end of battery life voltage.
The common potential has a 0.001%/% voltage coefficient.
Figure 8. Common-Mode Voltage Reduces Available Integrator
Swing (VCOM
≠ VIN)
VBUF
CAZ VINT
BP
POL
SEGMENT
DRIVE
OSC1
OSC3
OSC2
V
–
V
+
VREF
+
VREF
–
ANALOG
COMMON
V
–
V
+
V
–
V
+
GND
MEASURED
SYSTEM
POWER
SOURCE
9V
LCD
TC7136
TC7136A
+
V
–
V
+
RI
+
–
VIN
V
C I
INTEGRATOR
VI =
[
VCM
VIN
–
INPUT
BUFFER
CI =
=
RI
Integration capacitor
Integration resistor
4000
f
Integration time
T I ==
Where:
VI
CM
OSC
–
+
–
+
TI
RI CI