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SLVS992A – SEPTEMBER 2009 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2009
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
OPERATION
The TPS61093 is a highly integrated boost regulator for up to 17-V output. In addition to the on-chip 1-A PWM
switch and power diode, this IC also integrates an output-side isolation switch as shown in the functional block
diagram. One common issue with conventional boost regulators is the conduction path from input to output even
when the PWM switch is turned off. It creates three problems, which are inrush current during start-up, output
leakage current during shutdown, and excessive over load current. In the TPS61093, the isolation switch turns
off under shutdown-mode and over load conditions, thereby opening the current path. However, shorting the VO
and OUT pins bypasses the isolation switch and enhances efficiency. Because the isolation switch is on the
output side, the IC's VIN pin and power stage input power (up to 10 V) can be separated.
The TPS61093 adopts current-mode control with constant pulse-width-modulation (PWM) frequency. The
switching frequency is fixed at 1.2-MHz typical. PWM operation turns on the PWM switch at the beginning of
each switching cycle. The input voltage is applied across the inductor and the inductor current ramps up. In this
mode, the output capacitor is discharged by the load current. When the inductor current hits the threshold set by
the error amplifier output, the PWM switch is turned off, and the power diode is forward-biased. The inductor
transfers its stored energy to replenish the output capacitor. This operation repeats in the next switching cycle.
The error amplifier compares the FB-pin voltage with an internal reference, and its output determines the duty
cycle of the PWM switching. This closed-loop system requires frequency compensation for stable operation. The
device has a built-in compensation circuit that can accommodate a wide range of input and output voltages. To
avoid the sub-harmonic oscillation intrinsic to current-mode control, the IC also integrates slope compensation,
which adds an artificial slope to the current ramp.
SHUTDOWN AND LOAD DISCHARGE
When the EN pin is pulled low for 1-ms, the IC stops the PWM switch and turns off the isolation switch, providing
isolation between input and output. The internal current path consisting of the isolation switch’s body diode and
several parasitic diodes quickly discharges the output voltage to less than 3.3-V. Afterwards, the voltage is slowly
discharged to zero by the leakage current. This protects the IC and the external components from high voltage in
shutdown mode.
In shutdown mode, less than 1-
μA of input current is consumed by the IC.
OVER LOAD AND OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION
If the over load current passing through the isolation switch is above the over load limit (IOL) for 3-μs (typ), the
TPS61093 is switched off until the fault is cleared and the EN pin toggles. The function only is triggered 52-ms
after the IC is enabled.
To prevent the PWM switch and the output capacitor from exceeding maximum voltage ratings, an over voltage
protection circuit turns off the boost switch as soon as the output voltage at the VO pin exceeds the OVP
threshold. Simultaneously, the IC opens the isolation switch. The regulator resumes PWM switching after the VO
pin voltage falls 0.6-V below the threshold.
UNDER VOLTAGE LOCKOUT (UVLO)
An under voltage lockout prevents improper operation of the device for input voltages below 1.55-V. When the
input voltage is below the under voltage threshold, the entire device, including the PWM and isolation switches,
remains off.
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
An internal thermal shutdown turns off the isolation and PWM switches when the typical junction temperature of
150°C is exceeded. The thermal shutdown has a hysteresis of 15°C, typical.
Copyright 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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