Negative Charge Pump
V
=-V
x
OUT
REF
=-1.213Vx
R
3
R
4
R3=R4x
=R4x
|VOUT|
VREF
1.213
Positive Charge Pump
Vout + 1.214
1 )
R5
R6
R5 + R6
Vout
V
FB
* 1 + R6
Vout
1.214 *
1
SLVS849 – JULY 2008 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com
The negative charge pump provides a regulated output voltage by inverting the main output voltage VO1. The
negative charge pump output voltage is set with external feedback resistors.
The maximum load current of the negative charge pump depends on the voltage drop across the external
Schottky diodes, the internal on resistance of the charge pump MOSFETS Q8 and Q9, and the impedance of the
flying capacitor C12. When the voltage drop across these components is larger than the voltage difference from
VO1 to VO2, the charge pump is in dropout, providing the maximum possible output current. Therefore, the higher
the voltage difference between VO1 and VO2, the higher the possible load current. See Figure 12 for the possible output current versus boost converter voltage VO1.
VO(min) = –(VO – 2 VD – Io (2 × rDS(on)Q8 + 2 × rDS(on)Q9 + Xcfly))
Setting the output voltage:
The lower feedback resistor value R4 should be in a range between 40 k
to 120 k or the overall feedback
resistance should be within 500 k
to 1 M. Smaller values load the reference too heavily and larger values may
cause stability problems. The negative charge pump requires two external Schottky diodes. The peak current
rating of the Schottky diode has to be twice the load current of the output. For a 20-mA output current, the dual
Schottky diode BAT54 or similar is a good choice.
The positive charge pump can be operated in a voltage doubler mode or a voltage tripler mode depending on the
configuration of the C2+ and C2-/MODE pins. Leaving the C2+ pin open and connecting C2-/MODE to GND
forces the positive charge pump to operate in a voltage doubler mode. If higher output voltages are required, the
positive charge pump can be operated as a voltage tripler. To operate the charge pump in the voltage tripler
mode, a flying capacitor needs to be connected to C2+ and C2-/MODE.
The maximum load current of the positive charge pump depends on the voltage drop across the internal Schottky
diodes, the internal on resistance of the charge pump MOSFETS, and the impedance of the flying capacitor.
When the voltage drop across these components is larger than the voltage difference VO1 × 2 to VO3 (doubler
mode) or VO1 × 3 to VO3 (tripler mode), then the charge pump is in dropout, providing the maximum possible
output current. Therefore, the higher the voltage difference between VO1 × 2 (doubler) or VO1 × 3 (tripler) to VO3,
the higher the possible load current. See
Figure 13 and
Figure 14 for the output current versus boost converter
voltage VO1 and the following calculations.
Voltage doubler:
VO3max = 2 × VO1 – (2 VD + 2 × Io × (2 × rDS(on)Q5 + rDS(on)Q3 + rDS(on)Q4 + XC1))
Voltage tripler:
VO3max = 3 × VO1 – (3 × VD + 2 × Io × (3 × rDS(on)Q5 + rDS(on)Q3 + rDS(on)Q4 + XC1 + XC2))
The output voltage is set by the external resistor divider and is calculated as:
18
Copyright 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated