2–1
2 Detailed Description
2.1
Analog Video Processors and A/D Converters
Figure 2–1 is a functional diagram of the TVP5020 analog video processors and A/D converters. This block
accepts up to four inputs and performs analog signal conditioning (i.e., video clamping, video amplifying),
and carries out analog-to-digital conversion.
2.1.1
Video Input Selection
Four high-impedance video inputs are sources for two internal analog channels in the TVP5020. Internal
multiplexers, controlled by the host port, select the desired input. The user can connect the four analog video
inputs in the following combinations:
Four selectable individual composite video inputs
1 S-video input and two composite video inputs
2 S-video inputs
2.1.2
Analog Input Clamping and Automatic Gain Control Circuits
The internal clamp circuit restores the ac-coupled video signals to a fixed dc level before A/D conversion.
The clamping circuit provides line-by-line restoration of the video sync level to a fixed dc reference voltage.
The circuit has two modes of clamping, coarse and fine. In coarse mode, the most negative portion of the
signal (typically the sync tip) is clamped to a fixed dc level. The circuit uses fine mode to prevent spurious
level shifting caused by noise that is more negative than the sync tip on the input signal. When fine mode
is enabled, after the sync position is detected, clamping is only enabled during the sync period. S-video
requires fine clamping mode for proper operation.
Input video signal amplitudes may vary significantly from the nominal level of 1 Vpp. An automatic gain
control (AGC) circuit adjusts the signal amplitude to use the maximum range of the A/D converters without
clipping.
The AGC circuit adjusts the signal amplitude based on the detected amplitude of the sync portion of the input
signal. Signal peaks may be present on nonstandard signals that cause clipping at the A/D converters after
gain adjustment based only on sync amplitude. In these cases, the signal will be attenuated before A/D
conversion.