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参数资料
| 型号： | 74HC7046APW |
| 厂商： | NXP SEMICONDUCTORS |
| 元件分类： | PLL合成/DDS/VCOs |
| 英文描述： | PHASE LOCKED LOOP, PDSO16 |
| 封装： | PLASTIC, TSSOP |
| 文件页数： | 30/38页 |
| 文件大小： | 468K |
| 代理商： | 74HC7046APW |
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December 1990
36
Philips Semiconductors
Product specication
Phase-locked-loop with lock detector
74HC/HCT7046A
PLL design example
The frequency synthesizer, used in the design example
shown in Fig.34, has the following parameters:
Output frequency: 2 MHz to 3 MHz
frequency steps : 100 kHz
settling time
: 1 ms
overshoot
:
< 20%
The open-loop gain is H (s) x G (s) = Kp × Kf × Ko × Kn.
Where:
The programmable counter ratio Kn can be found as
follows:
The VCO is set by the values of R1, R2 and C1,
R2 = 10 k
(adjustable). The values can be determined
using the information in the section “DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS”.
With fo = 2.5 MHz and fL = 500 kHz this gives the following
values (VCC = 5.0 V):
R1 = 10 k
R2 = 10 k
C1 = 500 pF
The VCO gain is:
The gain of the phase comparator is:
The transfer gain of the filter is given by:
Where:
Kp =
phase comparator gain
Kf
=
low-pass filter transfer gain
Ko =Kv/s VCO gain
Kn =
1/n divider ratio
N
min.
f
out
f
step
-----------
2 MHz
100 kHz
----------------------
20
==
=
N
max.
f
out
f
step
-----------
3MHz
100 kHz
----------------------
30
==
=
K
V
2f
L
2
π
×
0.9
V
CC
0.9
–
()
–
----------------------------------------------
1MHz
3.2
-----------------
2
π
×
210
6
×
r/s/v
≈
=
==
K
p
V
CC
4
π
×
------------
0.4 V/r.
==
K
f
1
τ
2 s
+
1
τ
1
τ
2
+
() s
+
-------------------------------------
=
τ
1
R3C2 and
τ
2
R4C2.
=
The characteristics equation is:
1
+ H (s) × G (s) = 0.
This results in:
The natural frequency
ω
n is defined as follows:
and the damping value
ζ is defined as follows:
The overshoot and settling time percentages are now used
to determine
ωn. From Fig.35 it can be seen that the
damping ratio
ζ = 0.8 will produce an overshoot of less
than 20% and settle to within 5% at
ωnt = 4.5. The required
settling time is 1 ms. This results in:
Rewriting the equation for natural frequency results in:
The maximum overshoot occurs at Nmax.:
When C2 = 470 nF, then
R3 is calculated using the damping ratio equation:
s
2
1K
p
K
v
K
n
×τ
2
×
+
τ
1
τ
2
+
()
----------------------------------------------------- s
K
p
K
v
×
K
n
×
τ
1
τ
2
+
()
--------------------------------
0.
=
++
ω
n
K
p
K
v
×
K
n
×
τ
1
τ
2
+
()
--------------------------------
˙
.
=
ζ
1
2
ω
n
----------
1K
p
K
v
×
K
n
×τ
2
×
+
τ
1
τ
2
+
-----------------------------------------------------
×
.
=
ω
n
5
t
---
5
0.001
---------------
510
3
×
r/s.
==
=
τ
1
τ
2
+
()
K
p
K
v
×
K
n
×
ω
n
2
-------------------------------- .
=
τ
1
τ
2
+
()
0.4
2
×
10
6
×
5000
2
30
×
---------------------------------
0.0011 s.
==
R4
τ
1
τ
2
+
() 2 ω
n
×ζ 1
–
×
K
p
K
v
×
K
n
×
-----------------------------------------------------------------
790
.
==
R3
τ
1
C2
--------
R4
2 k
.
=
–
=
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