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参数资料
| 型号： | AD8309ARUZ-REEL7 |
| 厂商： | Analog Devices Inc |
| 文件页数： | 20/20页 |
| 文件大小： | 0K |
| 描述： | IC AMP LOG DEMODULATING 16TSSOP |
| 标准包装： | 1,000 |
| 类型： | 对数放大器 |
| 应用： | 接收器信号强度指示（RSSI） |
| 安装类型： | 表面贴装 |
| 封装/外壳： | 16-TSSOP（0.173"，4.40mm 宽） |
| 供应商设备封装： | 16-TSSOP |
| 包装： | 带卷 (TR) |
REV. B
AD8309
–9–
labeled x on Figure 22. Below this input, the cascade of gain
cells is acting as a simple linear amplifier, while for higher values
of VIN, it enters into a series of segments which lie on a logarith-
mic approximation.
Continuing this analysis, we find that the next transition occurs
when the input to the (N–1)th stage just reaches EK, that is,
when VIN = EK /A
N–2. The output of this stage is then exactly
AEK. It is easily demonstrated (from the function shown in
Figure 21) that the output of the final stage is (2A–1)EK (la-
beled
≠ on Figure 22). Thus, the output has changed by an
amount (A–1)EK for a change in VIN from EK /A
N–1 to E
K /A
N–2,
that is, a ratio change of A.
VOUT
LOG VIN
0
RATIO
OF A
EK/AN–1
EK/AN–2
EK/AN–3
EK/AN–4
(A-1) EK
(4A-3) EK
(3A-2) EK
(2A-1) EK
AEK
Figure 22. The First Three Transitions
At the next critical point, labeled z, the input is A times larger
and VOUT has increased to (3A–2)EK, that is, by another linear
increment of (A–1)EK. Further analysis shows that, right up to
the point where the input to the first cell reaches the knee volt-
age, VOUT changes by (A–1)EK for a ratio change of A in VIN.
Expressed as a certain fraction of a decade, this is simply log10(A).
For example, when A = 5 a transition in the piecewise linear
output function occurs at regular intervals of 0.7 decade (log10(A),
or 14 dB divided by 20 dB). This insight allows us to immedi-
ately state the “Volts per Decade” scaling parameter, which is
also the “Scaling Voltage” VY when using base-10 logarithms:
V
Linear Change inV
Decades Change inV
AE
A
Y
OUT
IN
K
==
(
–)
log ( )
1
10
(4)
Note that only two design parameters are involved in determin-
ing VY, namely, the cell gain A and the knee voltage EK, while
N, the number of stages, is unimportant in setting the slope of
the overall function. For A = 5 and EK = 100 mV, the slope
would be a rather awkward 572.3 mV per decade (28.6 mV/dB).
A well designed practical log amp will provide more rational
scaling parameters.
The intercept voltage can be determined by solving Equation
(4) for any two pairs of transition points on the output function
(see Figure 22). The result is:
V
E
A
X
K
NA
=
+
(/[ –])
11
(5)
For the example under consideration, using N = 6, VX evaluates
to 4.28
V, which thus far in this analysis is still a simple dc
voltage.
A/0
SLOPE = 0
SLOPE = A
EK
AEK
0
OUTPUT
INPUT
Figure 23. A/0 Amplifier Functions (Ideal and tanh)
Care is needed in the interpretation of this parameter. It was
earlier defined as the input voltage at which the output passes
through zero (see Figure 19). Clearly, in the absence of noise
and offsets, the output of the amplifier chain shown in Figure 20
can only be zero when VIN = 0. This anomaly is due to the finite
gain of the cascaded amplifier, which results in a failure to main-
tain the logarithmic approximation below the “lin-log transition”
(Point x in Figure 22). Closer analysis shows that the voltage
given by Equation (5) represents the extrapolated, rather than
actual, intercept.
Demodulating Log Amps
Log amps based on a cascade of A/1 cells are useful in baseband
(pulse) applications, because they do not demodulate their input
signal. Demodulating (detecting) log-limiting amplifiers such as
the AD8309 use a different type of amplifier stage, which we
will call an A/0 cell. Its function differs from that of the A/1 cell
in that the gain above the knee voltage EK falls to zero, as shown
by the solid line in Figure 23. This is also known as the limiter
function, and a chain of N such cells is often used alone to
generate a hard limited output, in recovering the signal in FM
and PM modes.
The AD640, AD606, AD608, AD8307, AD8309, AD8313 and
other Analog Devices communications products incorporating a
logarithmic IF amplifier all use this technique. It will be appar-
ent that the output of the last stage cannot now provide a loga-
rithmic output, since this remains unchanged for all inputs
above the limiting threshold, which occurs at VIN = EK /A
N–1.
Instead, the logarithmic output is generated by summing the
outputs of all the stages. The full analysis for this type of log amp
is only slightly more complicated than that of the previous case.
It can be shown that, for practical purpose, the intercept voltage
VX is identical to that given in Equation (5), while the slope
voltage is:
V
AE
A
Y
K
=
log ( )
10
(6)
An A/0 cell can be very simple. In the AD8309 it is based on a
bipolar-transistor differential pair, having resistive loads RL and
an emitter current source IE. This amplifier limiter cell exhibits
an equivalent knee-voltage of EK = 2kT/q and a small-signal
gain of A = IERL /EK. The large signal transfer function is the
hyperbolic tangent (see dotted line in Figure 23). This function
is very precise, and the deviation from an ideal A/0 form is not
detrimental. In fact, the “rounded shoulders” of the tanh func-
tion beneficially result in a lower ripple in the logarithmic con-
formance than that which would be obtained using an ideal A/0
function. A practical amplifier chain built of these cells is differ-
ential in structure from input to final output, and has a low
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| AD8309-EVALZ | 制造商:Analog Devices 功能描述:EVAL KIT FOR 5 MHZ-500 MHZ 100DB DEMODULATING LOGARITHMIC AM - Bulk 制造商:Analog Devices 功能描述:EVAL BOARD, AD8309 LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER, Silicon Manufacturer:Analog Devices, Silicon Core Number:AD8309, Kit Application Type:RF / IF, Kit Contents:Eval Board AD8309, Features:(Not Applicable) |
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