参数资料
型号: ISL6525CB
厂商: Intersil
文件页数: 7/11页
文件大小: 0K
描述: IC REG CTRLR BUCK PWM VM 14-SOIC
标准包装: 50
PWM 型: 电压模式
输出数: 1
频率 - 最大: 215kHz
占空比: 100%
电源电压: 10.8 V ~ 13.2 V
降压:
升压:
回扫:
反相:
倍增器:
除法器:
Cuk:
隔离:
工作温度: 0°C ~ 70°C
封装/外壳: 14-SOIC(0.154",3.90mm 宽)
包装: 管件
ISL6525
Feedback Compensation
Figure 7 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for a
synchronous-rectified buck converter. The output voltage
(V OUT ) is regulated to the Reference voltage level. The error
amplifier (Error Amp) output (V E/A ) is compared with the
oscillator (OSC) triangular wave to provide a pulse-width
constructed on the log-log graph of Figure 8 by adding the
Modulator Gain (in dB) to the Compensation Gain (in dB).
This is equivalent to multiplying the modulator transfer
function to the compensation transfer function and plotting
the gain.
modulated (PWM) wave with an amplitude of V IN at the
PHASE node. The PWM wave is smoothed by the output filter
(L O and C O ).
The modulator transfer function is the small-signal transfer
100
80
60
F Z1 F Z2
F P1
F P2
OPEN LOOP
ERROR AMP GAIN
function of V OUT /V E/A . This function is dominated by a DC
40
20LOG
F LC = ---------------------------------------
F ESR = ---------------------------------------------
F ESR
Gain and the output filter (L O and C O ), with a double pole
break frequency at F LC and a zero at F ESR . The DC Gain of
the modulator is simply the input voltage (V IN ) divided by the
peak-to-peak oscillator voltage ? V OSC .
Modulator Break Frequency Equations
1 1
2 π ? L O ? C O 2 π ? ( ESR ? C O )
20
0
-20
-40
-60
(R2/R1)
MODULATOR
GAIN
10 100 1K
20LOG
(V IN / ? V OSC )
F LC
10K 100K 1M 10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
COMPENSATION
GAIN
CLOSED LOOP
GAIN
The compensation network consists of the error amplifier
(internal to the ISL6525) and the impedance networks Z IN
and Z FB . The goal of the compensation network is to provide
a closed loop transfer function with the highest 0dB crossing
frequency (f 0dB ) and adequate phase margin. Phase margin
is the difference between the closed loop phase at f 0dB and
180 degrees. The equations below relate the compensation
network’s poles, zeros and gain to the components (R1, R2,
R3, C1, C2, and C3) in Figure 8. Use these guidelines for
locating the poles and zeros of the compensation network:
Compensation Break Frequency Equations
FIGURE 8. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN
The compensation gain uses external impedance networks
Z FB and Z IN to provide a stable, high bandwidth (BW) overall
loop. A stable control loop has a gain crossing with
-20dB/decade slope and a phase margin greater than 45
degrees. Include worst case component variations when
determining phase margin.
Component Selection Guidelines
Output Capacitor Selection
An output capacitor is required to filter the output and supply
F Z1 = ----------------------------------
F P1 = -------------------------------------------------------
2 π ? R2 ? ? ---------------------- ?
F Z2 = ------------------------------------------------------
F P2 = ----------------------------------
1
2 π ? R 2 ? C1
1
2 π ? ( R1 + R3 ) ? C3
1
C1 ? C2
? C1 + C2 ?
1
2 π ? R3 ? C3
the load transient current. The filtering requirements are a
function of the switching frequency and the ripple current.
The load transient requirements are a function of the slew
rate (di/dt) and the magnitude of the transient load current.
These requirements are generally met with a mix of
capacitors and careful layout.
1. Pick Gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth
2. Place 1 ST Zero Below Filter’s Double Pole (~75% F LC )
3. Place 2 ND Zero at Filter’s Double Pole
4. Place 1 ST Pole at the ESR Zero
5. Place 2 ND Pole at Half the Switching Frequency
6. Check Gain against Error Amplifier’s Open-Loop Gain
7. Estimate Phase Margin - Repeat if Necessary
Figure 8 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC-DC converter’s
gain vs frequency. The actual Modulator Gain has a high
gain peak do to the high Q factor of the output filter and is
not shown in Figure 8. Using the above guidelines should
give a Compensation Gain similar to the curve plotted. The
open loop error amplifier gain bounds the compensation
gain. Check the compensation gain at F P2 with the
capabilities of the error amplifier. The Closed Loop Gain is
7
Modern microprocessors produce transient load rates above
1A/ns. High frequency capacitors initially supply the transient
and slow the current load rate seen by the bulk capacitors.
The bulk filter capacitor values are generally determined by
the ESR (effective series resistance) and voltage rating
requirements rather than actual capacitance requirements.
High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed as
close to the power pins of the load as physically possible. Be
careful not to add inductance in the circuit board wiring that
could cancel the usefulness of these low inductance
components. Consult with the manufacturer of the load on
specific decoupling requirements. For example, Intel
recommends that the high frequency decoupling for the
Pentium Pro be composed of at least forty (40) 1.0 μ F
ceramic capacitors in the 1206 surface-mount package.
FN4998.3
Pentium? is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.
December 27, 2004
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