参数资料
型号: LT3412AEFE
厂商: LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORP
元件分类: 稳压器
英文描述: 3 A SWITCHING REGULATOR, 4 kHz SWITCHING FREQ-MAX, PDSO16
封装: 4.4 MM, PLASTIC, TSSOP-16
文件页数: 3/20页
文件大小: 267K
代理商: LT3412AEFE
LTC3412A
11
3412afb
Ferrite designs have very low core losses and are preferred
at high switching frequencies, so design goals can con-
centrate on copper loss and preventing saturation. Ferrite
core material saturates “hard,” which means that induc-
tance collapses abruptly when the peak design current is
exceeded. This results in an abrupt increase in inductor
ripple current and consequent output voltage ripple. Do
not allow the core to saturate!
Different core materials and shapes will change the size/
current and price/current relationship of an inductor.
Toroid or shielded pot cores in ferrite or permalloy mate-
rials are small and don’t radiate much energy, but gener-
ally cost more than powdered iron core inductors with
similar characteristics. The choice of which style inductor
to use mainly depends on the price verus size require-
ments and any radiated field/EMI requirements. New
designs for surface mount inductors are available from
Coiltronics, Coilcraft, Toko, and Sumida.
CIN and COUT Selection
The input capacitance, CIN, is needed to filter the trapezoi-
dal wave current at the source of the top MOSFET. To
prevent large voltage transients from occurring, a low ESR
input capacitor sized for the maximum RMS current
should be used. The maximum RMS current is given by:
II
V
RMS
OUT MAX
OUT
IN
OUT
=
()
–1
This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2VOUT, where
IRMS = IOUT/2. This simple worst-case condition is com-
monly used for design because even significant deviations
do not offer much relief. Note that ripple current ratings
from capacitor manufacturers are often based on only
2000 hours of life which makes it advisable to further
derate the capacitor, or choose a capacitor rated at a
higher temperature than required. Several capacitors may
also be paralleled to meet size or height requirements in
the design. For low input voltage applications, sufficient
bulk input capacitance is needed to minimize transient
effects during output load changes.
The selection of COUT is determined by the effective series
resistance (ESR) that is required to minimize voltage
ripple and load step transients as well as the amount of
bulk capacitance that is necessary to ensure that the
control loop is stable. Loop stability can be checked by
viewing the load transient response as described in a later
section. The output ripple,
ΔVOUT, is determined by:
Δ≤ Δ
+
V
I ESR
fC
OUT
L
OUT
1
8
The output ripple is highest at maximum input voltage
since
ΔIL increases with input voltage. Multiple capacitors
placed in parallel may be needed to meet the ESR and RMS
current handling requirements. Dry tantalum, special poly-
mer, aluminum electrolytic, and ceramic capacitors are all
available in surface mount packages. Special polymer
capacitors offer very low ESR but have lower capacitance
density than other types. Tantalum capacitors have the
highest capacitance density but it is important to only use
types that have been surge tested for use in switching
power supplies. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have
significantly higher ESR, but can be used in cost-sensitive
applications provided that consideration is given to ripple
current ratings and long term reliability. Ceramic capaci-
tors have excellent low ESR characteristics but can have a
high voltage coefficient and audible piezoelectric effects.
The high Q of ceramic capacitors with trace inductance
can also lead to significant ringing.
Using Ceramic Input and Output Capacitors
Higher values, lower cost ceramic capacitors are now
becoming available in smaller case sizes. Their high ripple
current, high voltage rating and low ESR make them ideal
for switching regulator applications. However, care must
be taken when these capacitors are used at the input and
output. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input and
the power is supplied by a wall adapter through long wires,
a load step at the output can induce ringing at the input,
VIN. At best, this ringing can couple to the output and be
mistaken as loop instability. At worst, a sudden inrush of
current through the long wires can potentially cause a
voltage spike at VIN large enough to damage the part.
When choosing the input and output ceramic capacitors,
choose the X5R or X7R dielectric formulations. These
dielectrics have the best temperature and voltage charac-
teristics of all the ceramics for a given value and size.
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
WU
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