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LTC4088
17
4088f
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
WU
U
VBUS and VOUT Bypass Capacitors
The style and value of capacitors used with the LTC4088
determine several important parameters such as regula-
tor control-loop stability and input voltage ripple. Because
the LTC4088 uses a step-down switching power supply
from VBUS to VOUT, its input current waveform contains
high frequency components. It is strongly recommended
that a low equivalent series resistance (ESR) multilayer
ceramic capacitor be used to bypass VBUS. Tantalum and
aluminum capacitors are not recommended because
of their high ESR. The value of the capacitor on VBUS
directly controls the amount of input ripple for a given
load current. Increasing the size of this capacitor will
reduce the input ripple. The USB specication allows a
maximum of 10F to be connected directly across the
USB power bus. If additional capacitance is required
for noise performance, a soft-connect circuit may be
required to limit inrush current and avoid excessive
transient voltage drops on the bus (see Figure 5).
To prevent large VOUT voltage steps during transient
load conditions, it is also recommended that a ceramic
capacitor be used to bypass VOUT. The output capacitor is
used in the compensation of the switching regulator. At
least 10F with low ESR are required on VOUT. Additional
capacitance will improve load transient performance
and stability.
Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors typically have excep-
tional ESR performance. MLCCs combined with a tight
board layout and an unbroken ground plane will yield very
good performance and low EMI emissions.
There are several types of ceramic capacitors avail-
able each having considerably different characteristics.
For example, X7R ceramic capacitors have the best voltage
and temperature stability. X5R ceramic capacitors have
apparently higher packing density but poorer performance
over their rated voltage and temperature ranges. Y5V
ceramic capacitors have the highest packing density,
but must be used with caution, because of their extreme
nonlinear characteristic of capacitance versus voltage. The
actual in-circuit capacitance of a ceramic capacitor should
be measured with a small AC signal and DC bias as is
expected in-circuit. Many vendors specify the capacitance
verse voltage with a 1VRMS AC test signal and, as a result,
over state the capacitance that the capacitor will present
in the application. Using similar operating conditions as
the application, the user must measure or request from
the vendor the actual capacitance to determine if the
selected capacitor meets the minimum capacitance that
the application requires.
Overprogramming the Battery Charger
The USB high power specication allows for up to 2.5W
to be drawn from the USB port. The switching regulator
transforms the voltage at VBUS to just above the voltage
at BAT with high efciency, while limiting power to less
than the amount programmed at CLPROG. The charger
should be programmed (with the PROG pin) to deliver the
maximum safe charging current without regard to the USB
specications. If there is insufcient current available to
charge the battery at the programmed rate, it will reduce
charge current until the system load on VOUT is satised
and the VBUS current limit is satised. Programming the
charger for more current than is available will not cause
the average input current limit to be violated. It will merely
allow the battery charger to make use of all available
Table 3. Recommended Inductors for the LTC4088
INDUCTOR TYPE
L
(H)
MAX IDC
(A)
MAX DCR
(
Ω)
SIZE IN mm
(L
× W × H)
MANUFACTURER
LPS4018
3.3
2.2
0.08
3.9
× 3.9 × 1.7
Coilcraft
www.coilcraft.com
D53LC
DB318C
3.3
2.26
1.55
0.034
0.070
5
× 5 × 3
3.8
× 3.8 × 1.8
Toko
www.toko.com
WE-TPC Type M1
3.3
1.95
0.065
4.8
× 4.8 × 1.8
Wurth Elektronik
www.we-online.com
CDRH6D12
CDRH6D38
3.3
2.2
3.5
0.0625
0.020
6.7
× 6.7 × 1.5
7
× 7 × 4
Sumida
www.sumida.com