
MPC92430
424
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR ADVANCED CLOCK DRIVERS DEVICE DATA
Substituting N for the four available values for N (1, 2, 4, 8)
yields:
Example Frequency Calculation for an 16 MHz Input
Frequency
If an output frequency of 131 MHz was desired the following
steps would be taken to identify the appropriate M and N values.
According to
Table 9, 131 MHz falls in the frequency set by a
value of 4 so N[1:0] = 01. For N = 4 the output frequency is
FOUT = M ÷ 2 and M = FOUT x 2. Therefore, M = 2 x 131 = 262,
so M[8:0] = 010000011. Following this procedure a user can
generate any whole frequency between 50 MHz and 800 MHz.
Note than for N > 2 fractional values of can be realized. The size
of the programmable frequency steps (and thus the indicator of
the fractional output frequencies achievable) will be equal to:
fSTEP = fXTAL ÷ 8 ÷ N(6)
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Using the Parallel and Serial Interface
The M and N counters can be loaded either through a parallel
or serial interface. The parallel interface is controlled via the
P_LOAD signal such that a LOW-to-HIGH transition will latch
the information present on the M[8:0] and N[1:0] inputs into the
M and N counters. When the P_LOAD signal is LOW the input
latches will be transparent and any changes on the M[8:0] and
N[1:0] inputs will affect the FOUT output pair. To use the serial
port the S_CLOCK signal samples the information on the
S_DATA line and loads it into a 14 bit shift register. Note that the
P_LOAD signal must be HIGH for the serial load operation to
function. The Test register is loaded with the first three bits, the
N register with the next two and the M register with the final
eight bits of the data stream on the S_DATA input. For each
register the most significant bit is loaded first (T2, N1 and M8).
A pulse on the S_LOAD pin after the shift register is fully loaded
will transfer the divide values into the counters. The HIGH to
LOW transition on the S_LOAD input will latch the new divide
values into the counters.
Figure 4 illustrates the timing diagram
for both a parallel and a serial load of the MPC92430
synthesizer. M[8:0] and N[1:0] are normally specified once at
power-up through the parallel interface, and then possibly again
through the serial interface. This approach allows the
application to come up at one frequency and then change or
fine-tune the clock as the ability to control the serial interface
becomes available.
Using the Test and Diagnosis Output TEST
The TEST output provides visibility for one of the several
internal nodes as determined by the T[2:0] bits in the serial
configuration stream. It is not configurable through the parallel
interface. Although it is possible to select the node that
represents FOUT, the LVPECL compatible TEST output is not
able to toggle fast enough for higher output frequencies and
should only be used for test and diagnosis. The T2, T1 and T0
control bits are preset to ‘000' when P_LOAD is LOW so that the
LVPECL compatible FOUT outputs are as jitter-free as
possible. Any active signal on the TEST output pin will have
detrimental affects on the jitter of the PECL output pair. In
normal operations, jitter specifications are only guaranteed if
the TEST output is static. The serial configuration port can be
used to select one of the alternate functions for this pin. Most of
the signals available on the TEST output pin are useful only for
performance verification of the MPC92430 itself. However, the
PLL bypass mode may be of interest at the board level for
functional debug. When T[2:0] is set to 110 the MPC92430 is
placed in PLL bypass mode. In this mode the S_CLOCK input
is fed directly into the M and N dividers. The N divider drives the
FOUT differential pair and the M counter drives the TEST output
pin. In this mode the S_CLOCK input could be used for low
speed board level functional test or debug. Bypassing the PLL
and driving FOUT directly gives the user more control on the test
clocks sent through the clock tree.
Table 10 shows the
functional setup of the PLL bypass mode. Because the
S_CLOCK is a CMOS level the input frequency is limited to 200
MHz. This means the fastest the FOUT pin can be toggled via
the S_CLOCK is 50 MHz as the divide ratio of the Post-PLL
divider is 4 (if N = 1). Note that the M counter output on the
TEST output will not be a 50% duty cycle.
Table 9. Output Frequency Range for fXTAL = 16 MHz
N
FOUT
FOUT Range
FOUT Step
10
Value
0
2
M
200 – 400 MHz
1 MHz
01
4
M
÷2
100 – 200 MHz
500 kHz
10
8
M
÷4
50 – 100 MHz
250 kHz
11
1
2
M
400 – 800 MHz
2 MHz
Table 10. Test and Debug Configuration for TEST
T[2:0]
TEST Output
T2
T1
T0
000
14-bit shift register out1
1. Clocked at the rate of S_CLOCK
0
1
Logic 1
010
fXTAL ÷ 16
0
1
M-Counter out
100
FOUT
1
0
1
Logic 0
1
0
M-Counter out in PLL-bypass mode
111
FOUT
÷ 4
Table 11. Debug Configuration for PLL Bypass1
1.
T[2:0]=110. AC specifications do not apply in PLL bypass mode
Output
Configuration
FOUT
S_CLOCK
÷ N
TEST
M-Counter out2
2.
Clocked out at the rate of S_CLOCK
÷(2N)