ESD
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
Transformer
Input Diodes or Diode Bridges
data sheet
www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................ SLVS525B – APRIL 2004 – REVISED APRIL 2008
Option 1 consists of ORing power to the output of the PoE dc/dc converter. This option is preferred in cases
where PoE is added to an existing design that uses a low-voltage wall adapter. The relatively large PD
capacitance reduces the potential for harmful transients when the adapter is plugged in. The wall adapter output
may be grounded if the PD incorporates an isolated converter. This solution requires two separate regulators, but
low-voltage adapters are readily available. The PoE power can be given priority by setting its output voltage
above that from the auxiliary source.
Option 2 has the benefits that the adapter voltage may be lower than the TPS2375 UVLO, and that the bulk
capacitor shown can control voltage transients caused by plugging an adapter in. The capacitor size and location
are chosen to control the amount of ringing that can occur on this node, which can be affected by additional
filtering components specific to a dc/dc converter design. The optional diode blocks the adapter voltage from
reverse biasing the input, and allows a PoE source to apply power provided that the PSE output voltage is
greater than the adapter voltage. The penalty of the diode is an additional power loss when running from PSE
power. The PSE may not be able to detect and start powering without the diode. This means that the adapter
may continue to power the PD until removed. Auxiliary voltage sources can be selected to be above or below the
PoE operational voltage range. If automatic PoE precedence is desired when using the low-voltage auxiliary
source option, make sure that the TPS2375 inrush program limit is set higher than the maximum converter input
current at its lowest operating voltage. It is difficult to use PG with the low-voltage auxiliary source because the
converter must operate during a condition when the TPS2375 would normally disable it. Circuits may be
designed to force operation from one source or the other depending on the desired operation and the auxiliary
source voltage chosen. However, they are not recommended because they increase complexity and thus cost.
Option 3 inserts the power before the TPS2375. It is necessary for the adapter to meet the TPS2375 UVLO
turnon requirement and to limit the maximum voltage to 57 V. This option provides a valid power-good signal and
simplifies power priority issues. The disadvantage of this method is that it is the most likely to cause transient
voltage problems. Plugging a powered adapter in applies a step input voltage to a node that has little
capacitance to control the dv/dt and voltage ringing. If the wall mount supply applies power to the PD before the
PSE, it prevents the PSE from detecting the PD. If the PSE is already powering the PD when the auxiliary source
is plugged in, priority is given to the higher supply voltage.
The TPS2375 has been tested using the surge of EN61000-4-2 in an evaluation module (EVM) using the circuit
in
Figure 1. The levels used were 8-kV contact discharge and 15-kV air discharge. Surges were applied between
the RJ-45 and the dc EVM outputs, and between an auxiliary power input jack and the dc outputs. No failures
were observed.
ESD requirements for a unit that incorporates the TPS2375 have much broader scope and operational
implications than those used in TI’s testing. Unit level requirements should not be confused with EVM testing that
only validated the TPS2375.
Nodes on an Ethernet network commonly interface to the outside world via an isolation transformer per IEEE
802.3 requirements, see
Figure 1. For powered devices, the isolation transformer must include a center tap on
the media (cable) side. Proper termination is required around the transformer to provide correct impedance
matching and to avoid radiated and conducted emissions. Transformers must be specifically rated to work with
the Ethernet chipset, and the IEEE 802.3af standard.
The IEEE 802.3af requires the PD to accept power on either set of input pairs in either polarity. This requirement
is satisfied by using two full-wave input bridge rectifiers as shown in
Figure 1. Silicon p-n diodes with a 1-A or
1.5-A rating and a minimum breakdown of 100 V are recommended. Diodes exhibit large dynamic resistance
under low-current operating conditions such as in detection. The diodes should be tested for their behavior under
this condition. The diode forward drops must be less than 1.5 V at 500 A and at the lowest operating
temperature.
Copyright 2004–2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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