参数资料
型号: XC0900A-03S
厂商: Anaren
文件页数: 22/24页
文件大小: 0K
描述: COUPLER 90DEG 811-1000MHZ 3DB
标准包装: 1
系列: Xinger II®
耦合器类型: 标准
频率: 811MHz ~ 1GHz
耦合系数: 3dB
应用: AMPS
插入损耗: 0.15dB
功率 - 最大: 225W
隔离: 25dB
回程损耗: 23dB
封装/外壳: 4-SMD,无引线
供应商设备封装: SMD
包装: 标准包装
其它名称: 1173-1122-6
Model XC0900A-03
Rev C
Signal Control Circuits Utilizing 3dB Couplers
Variable attenuators and phase shifter are two examples of signal control circuits that can be built using 3dB couplers.
Both of these circuits also use the reflection property of the 3dB coupler as described above. In the variable attenuator
circuit, the two output ports of a 3dB coupler are terminated with PIN diodes, which are basically a voltage variable
resistor at RF frequencies (consult the literature on PIN diodes for a more complete equivalent circuit). By changing the
resistance at the output ports of the 3dB coupler, the reflection coefficient, Γ , will also change and different amounts of
energy will be reflected to the isolated port (note that the resistances must change together so that Γ is the same for
both output ports). A signal applied to the input of the 3dB coupler will appear at the isolated port and the amplitude of
this signal will be a function of the resistance at the output ports. This circuit is illustrated below:
Variable Attenuator Circuit Utilizing a 3dB Coupler
Γ × 0.707V ∠θ
4
0.707V ∠θ (-3dB)
Input
1
Vdc
PIN Diodes
Output
2
| Γ (0.5V ∠ 2 θ -90 + 0.5V ∠ 2 θ -90)| = | Γ |
and
|Output| = | Γ | ×| Input|
3
0.707V ∠θ -90 (-3dB)
Γ × 0.707V ∠θ -90
If Γ =0, no energy is reflected from the PIN diodes and S21 = 0 (input to output). If | Γ | =1, all of the energy is reflected
from the PIN diodes and |S21| = 1 (assuming the ideal case of no loss). The ideal range for Γ is –1 to 0 or 0 to 1, which
translate to resistances of 0 ? to 50 ? and 50 ? to ∞? respectively. Either range can be selected, although normally 0 ?
to 50 ? is easier to achieve in practice and produces better results. Many papers have been written on this circuit and
should be consulted for the details of design and operation.
Another very similar circuit is a Variable Phase Shifter (illustrated below). The same theory is applied but instead of PIN
diodes (variable RF resistance), the coupler outputs are terminated with varactors. The ideal varactor is a variable
capacitor with the capacitance value changing as a function of the DC bias. Ideally, the magnitude of the reflection
coefficient is 1 for these devices at all bias levels. However, the angle of the reflected signal does change as the
capacitance changes with bias level. So, ideally all of the energy applied to port 1, in the circuit illustrated below, will be
reflected at the varactors and will sum at port 2 (the isolated port of the coupler). However, the phase angle of the signal
will be variable with the DC bias level. In practice, neither the varactors nor the coupler are ideal and both will have
some losses. Again, many papers have been written on this circuit and should be consulted for the details of design and
operation.
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