REV. 0
AD6623
–24–
L
rCIC2
–
1 should be confined to the ranges shown
by Table XIII
according to the interpolation factor of the CIC5.
Exceeding the
recommended guidelines may result in overflow for input sequences
at or near full scale. While relatively large ratios
of L
rCIC2
/M
rCIC2
allow for the larger overall interpolations with minimal power
consumption, L
rCIC2
/M
rCIC2
should be minimized to achieve the
best overall image rejection.
As an example, consider an input from the CIC5 whose bandwidth
is 0.0033 of the CIC5 rate, centered at baseband.
Interpolation
by a factor of five reveals five images, as shown below.
–
150
–
2
–
1
d
0
1
2
–
130
–
110
–
90
–
70
–
50
–
30
–
10
10
Figure 29. CIC5 Interpolation Images
The rCIC2 rejects each of the undesired images while passing
the image at baseband. The images of a pure tone at channel
center (DC) are nulled perfectly, but as the bandwidth increases
the rejection is diminished. The lower band edge of the first
image always has the least rejection. In this example, the rCIC2
is interpolating by a factor of five and the input signal has a
bandwidth of 0.0033 of the CIC5 output sample rate. Figure 30
below shows
–
110 dBc rejection of the lower band edge of the
first image. All other image frequencies have better rejection.
10
d
–
10
–
30
–
3
3
–
2
–
1
0
1
2
–
50
–
70
–
90
–
110
–
130
–
150
Figure 30. rCIC2 –110 dBc
Table XIV lists maximum bandwidth that will be rejected to
various levels for CIC2
interpolation factors from 1 to 32. The
example above corresponds to the listing in the
–
110 dB column
and the L
CIC2
= 5 row. The rejection of the CIC2 improves as
the interpolation factor increases.
Table XIV. Maximum Bandwidth of Rejection for L
CIC2
Values
–110 dB
–100 dB
–90 dB
–80 dB
–70 dB
Full
0.0023
0.0029
0.0032
0.0033
0.0034
0.0034
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
Full
0.0040
0.0052
0.0057
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0062
0.0062
0.0062
0.0062
0.0062
0.0062
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
0.0063
Full
0.0072
0.0093
0.0101
0.0105
0.0107
0.0108
0.0109
0.0110
0.0110
0.0110
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0111
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
0.0112
Full
0.0127
0.0165
0.0179
0.0186
0.0189
0.0192
0.0193
0.0194
0.0195
0.0195
0.0196
0.0196
0.0196
0.0197
0.0197
0.0197
0.0197
0.0197
0.0197
0.0197
0.0197
0.0197
0.0197
0.0198
0.0198
0.0198
0.0198
0.0198
0.0198
0.0198
0.0198
Full
0.0226
0.0292
0.0316
0.0328
0.0334
0.0338
0.0341
0.0343
0.0344
0.0345
0.0346
0.0346
0.0347
0.0347
0.0347
0.0348
0.0348
0.0348
0.0348
0.0348
0.0348
0.0348
0.0348
0.0349
0.0349
0.0349
0.0349
0.0349
0.0349
0.0349
0.0349
NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR/TUNER
(NCO)
Each channel has a fully independent tuner. The tuner accepts
data from the CIC filter, tunes it to a digital Intermediate Fre-
quency (IF), and passes the result to a shared summation block.
The tuner consists of a 32-bit quadrature NCO and a Quadrature
Amplitude Mixer (QAM). The NCO serves as a local oscillator and
the QAM translates the interpolated channel data from baseband
to the NCO frequency. The worst case spurious signal from the
NCO is better than
–
100 dBc for all output frequencies. The
tuner can produce real or complex outputs as requested by the
shared summation block.
In the complex mode, the NCO serves as a quadrature local oscil
lator
running at f
CLK
/2 capable of producing any frequency step between
–
f
CLK
/4 and +f
CLK
/4 with a resolution of f
CLK
/2
33
(0.0121 Hz for
f
CLK
= 104 MHz).
In the real mode, the NCO serves as a quadrature local oscillator
running at f
CLK
capable of producing any frequency step between
–
f
CLK
/2 and +f
CLK
/2 with a resolution of f
CLK
/2
32
(0.0242 Hz for
f
CLK
= 104 MHz). The quadrature portion of the output is
discarded. Negative frequencies are distinguished from positive