参数资料
型号: PIC18F2321-E/SS
厂商: Microchip Technology
文件页数: 71/110页
文件大小: 0K
描述: IC PIC MCU FLASH 4KX16 28SSOP
产品培训模块: Asynchronous Stimulus
标准包装: 47
系列: PIC® 18F
核心处理器: PIC
芯体尺寸: 8-位
速度: 25MHz
连通性: I²C,SPI,UART/USART
外围设备: 欠压检测/复位,HLVD,POR,PWM,WDT
输入/输出数: 25
程序存储器容量: 8KB(4K x 16)
程序存储器类型: 闪存
EEPROM 大小: 256 x 8
RAM 容量: 512 x 8
电压 - 电源 (Vcc/Vdd): 4.2 V ~ 5.5 V
数据转换器: A/D 10x10b
振荡器型: 内部
工作温度: -40°C ~ 125°C
封装/外壳: 28-SSOP(0.209",5.30mm 宽)
包装: 管件
2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39689F-page 63
PIC18F2221/2321/4221/4321 FAMILY
6.2
PIC18 Instruction Cycle
6.2.1
CLOCKING SCHEME
The microcontroller clock input, whether from an
internal or external source, is internally divided by four
to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks
(Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). Internally, the program counter is
incremented on every Q1; the instruction is fetched
from the program memory and latched into the
Instruction Register (IR) during Q4. The instruction is
decoded and executed during the following Q1 through
Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow are
shown in Figure 6-3.
6.2.2
INSTRUCTION FLOW/PIPELINING
An “Instruction Cycle” consists of four Q cycles: Q1
through Q4. The instruction fetch and execute are
pipelined in such a manner that a fetch takes one
instruction cycle, while the decode and execute take
another instruction cycle. However, due to the pipe-
lining, each instruction effectively executes in one
cycle. If an instruction causes the program counter to
change (e.g., GOTO), then two cycles are required to
complete the instruction (Example 6-3).
A fetch cycle begins with the Program Counter (PC)
incrementing in Q1.
In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched
into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1. This
instruction is then decoded and executed during the
Q2, Q3 and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2
(operand read) and written during Q4 (destination
write).
FIGURE 6-3:
CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE
EXAMPLE 6-3:
INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
OSC1
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
PC
OSC2/CLKO
(RC mode)
PC
PC + 2
PC + 4
Fetch INST (PC)
Execute INST (PC – 2)
Fetch INST (PC + 2)
Execute INST (PC)
Fetch INST (PC + 4)
Execute INST (PC + 2)
Internal
Phase
Clock
All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction
is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.
TCY0TCY1TCY2TCY3TCY4TCY5
1. MOVLW 55h
Fetch 1
Execute 1
2. MOVWF PORTB
Fetch 2
Execute 2
3. BRA
SUB_1
Fetch 3
Execute 3
4. BSF
PORTA, BIT3 (Forced NOP)
Fetch 4
Flush (NOP)
5. Instruction @ address SUB_1
Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1
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