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FBGA User’s Guide
Version 4.2, November 1, 2002
81
4
provide a more meaningful method to predict junction temperature in plastic packaged
devices, the parameter
Ψ
J-T
was created. An excerpt from the EIA/JESD51-2 standard
follows describing the method and use of
Ψ
J-T
.
4.0 THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION PARAMETER
-
Ψ
JT
JUNCTION-TO-TOP CENTER OF PACKAGE
The thermal characterization parameter,
Ψ
JT
,
is proportional to the temperature difference between the top
center of the package and the junction temperature. Hence, it is a useful value for an engineer verifying
device temperatures in an actual environment. By measuring the package temperature of the device, the
junction temperature can be estimated if the thermal characterization parameter has been measured under
similar conditions.
The use of
Ψ
JT
should not be confused with
θ
JC
which is the thermal resistance from the device junction to the
external surface of the package or case nearest the die attachment as the case is held at a constant
temperature. The use and reporting of the case temperature during the junction to ambient thermal
resistance test is optional.
The measurement may be made using a temperature transducer such as a thermocouple, fluoroptic sensor,
or infrared sensor.
4.1 THERMOCOUPLE PLACEMENT LOCATION
The thermocouple bead shall be attached to the package at the geometric center of the top surface. The
position must be reported, in all cases, along with the measurement data.
4.2 PACKAGE THERMOCOUPLE APPLICATION
CAUTION: Usefulness of this measurement is dependent on the procedure.
Application of the thermocouple is critical to ensure proper thermal contact to the package and to ensure
that the
θ
JA
measurement is not disturbed. Determination of the package surface temperature, of a low
conductance package body, requires that the following factors be considered:
4.2.1 The thermocouple wire and bead shall touch the surface of the package.
4.2.2 Best practice for attaching the wire and thermocouple bead is the use of a minimal amount of
thermally conducting epoxy. The distance across the epoxy bead shall not exceed .1” (2.54 mm) in
any direction.
4.2.3 The thermocouple wire shall be routed next to the package body down to the board and along
the board. This reduces cooling of the thermocouple junction by heat flowing along the wire.
4.2.4 Thermocouple wire size shall be small such that heat loss along the wire does not cause
anomalous low readings. Recommended maximum thermocouple sizes is 36 gauge. For type T
thermocouples, 40 gauge is preferred.
4.3 PROCEDURE
The junction temperature and package temperatures are determined at the steady-state condition in the
measurement as specified above. The junction-to-top center of package thermal characterization
parameter,
Ψ
JT
, is calculated using the following equation:
θ