MMDF5N02Z
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9
TYPICAL SOLDER HEATING PROFILE
For any given circuit board, there will be a group of
control settings that will give the desired heat pattern. The
operator must set temperatures for several heating zones
and a figure for belt speed. Taken together, these control
settings make up a heating “profile” for that particular
circuit board. On machines controlled by a computer, the
computer remembers these profiles from one operating
session to the next. Figure 16 shows a typical heating
profile for use when soldering a surface mount device to a
printed circuit board. This profile will vary among
soldering systems, but it is a good starting point. Factors
that can affect the profile include the type of soldering
system in use, density and types of components on the
board, type of solder used, and the type of board or
substrate material being used. This profile shows tempera-
ture versus time. The line on the graph shows the actual
temperature that might be experienced on the surface of a
test board at or near a central solder joint. The two profiles
are based on a high density and a low density board. The
Vitronics SMD310 convection/infrared reflow soldering
system was used to generate this profile. The type of solder
used was 62/36/2 Tin Lead Silver with a melting point
between 177 189
°C. When this type of furnace is used for
solder reflow work, the circuit boards and solder joints tend
to heat first. The components on the board are then heated
by conduction. The circuit board, because it has a large
surface area, absorbs the thermal energy more efficiently,
then distributes this energy to the components. Because of
this effect, the main body of a component may be up to 30
degrees cooler than the adjacent solder joints.
STEP 1
PREHEAT
ZONE 1
“RAMP”
STEP 2
VENT
“SOAK”
STEP 3
HEATING
ZONES 2 & 5
“RAMP”
STEP 4
HEATING
ZONES 3 & 6
“SOAK”
STEP 5
HEATING
ZONES 4 & 7
“SPIKE”
STEP 6
VENT
STEP 7
COOLING
200
°C
150
°C
100
°C
5
°C
TIME (3 TO 7 MINUTES TOTAL)
TMAX
SOLDER IS LIQUID FOR
40 TO 80 SECONDS
(DEPENDING ON
MASS OF ASSEMBLY)
205
° TO 219°C
PEAK AT
SOLDER
JOINT
DESIRED CURVE FOR LOW
MASS ASSEMBLIES
DESIRED CURVE FOR HIGH
MASS ASSEMBLIES
100
°C
150
°C
160
°C
170
°C
140
°C
Figure 15. Typical Solder Heating Profile