68
Intel Pentium 4 Processor on 90 nm Process Datasheet
Thermal Specifications and Design Considerations
5.2.6
Thermal Diode
The processor incorporates an on-die thermal diode. A thermal sensor located on the system board
may monitor the die temperature of the processor for thermal management/long term die
temperature change purposes.
Table 28 and
Table 29 provide the diode parameter and interface
specifications. This thermal diode is separate from the Thermal Monitor’s thermal sensor and
cannot be used to predict the behavior of the Thermal Monitor.
Table 28. Thermal Diode Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Notes
IFW
Forward Bias Current
11
187
uA
1
NOTES:
1.
Intel does not support or recommend operation of the thermal diode under reverse bias.
n
Diode Ideality Factor
1.0083
1.011
1.0137
2, 3, 4
2.
Characterized at 75 °C.
3.
Not 100% tested. Specified by design characterization.
4.
The ideality factor, n, represents the deviation from ideal diode behavior as exemplified by the diode equa-
tion:
IFW = IS * (e qVD/nkT –1)
where IS = saturation current, q = electronic charge, VD = voltage across the diode, k = Boltzmann
Constant, and T = absolute temperature (Kelvin).
RT
Series Resistance
3.242
3.33
3.594
5.
The series resistance, RT, is provided to allow for a more accurate measurement of the thermal diode tem-
perature. RT, as defined, includes the pins of the processor but does not include any socket resistance or
board trace resistance between the socket and the external remote diode thermal sensor. RT can be used
by remote diode thermal sensors with automatic series resistance cancellation to calibrate out this error term.
Another application is that a temperature offset can be manually calculated and programmed into an offset
register in the remote diode thermal sensors as exemplified by the equation:
Terror = [RT * (N-1) * IFWmin] / [nk/q * ln N]
where Terror = sensor temperature error, N = sensor current ratio, k = Boltzmann Constant, q = electronic
charge.
Table 29. Thermal Diode Interface
Pin Name
Pin Number
Pin Description
THERMDA
B3
diode anode
THERMDC
C4
diode cathode