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ADVANCE INFORMATION
8
Micronas
2.1.3. Horizontal Scaler
The horizontal scaler supports linear or nonlinear hori-
zontal scaling of the digital input video signal in the
range of 0.25 to 4. Nonlinear scaling, also called “pan-
orama vision”, provides a geometrical distortion of the
input picture. It is used to fit a picture with 4:3 format
on a 16:9 screen by stretching the picture geometry at
the borders. Also, the inverse effect can be produced
by the scaler.
2.1.4. Luma Contrast and Brightness
The luminance signal is multiplied by a factor of 0...2 in
64 steps. Simultaneously the matrix coefficients are
With a contrast adjustment of 32 (gain=1) the signal
can be shifted by
±100% of its maximal amplitude with
the digital brightness value. This is for adjustment of
the headrooms for under- and overshoot. After the
brightness addition, the negative going signals are lim-
ited to zero. It is desirable to keep a small positive off-
set with the signal to prevent undershoots produced by
the peaking from being cut.
2.1.5. Black Level Expander/Compressor (BLEC)
The black level expander/compressor modifies the
luminance signal with an adjustable non-linear function
Dark areas are stretched to black, while bright areas
remain unchanged. Advantageously, this black level
processing is performed dynamically and only if it will
be most noticeable to the viewer.
The BLEC supports the following modes
– dynamic BLEC mode
This is the normal operation mode. The expansion
depends on a pixel analysis.
– auto contrast mode
In the auto contrast mode, the TILT point is shifted
to its maximum.
– static BLEC mode
In the static mode, the expansion depends on a pro-
grammable value SBLE.
Fig. 2–2: BLEC function
Table 2–3: Scaler modes
Mode
Scale
Factor
Description
Panorama
4:3 16:9
non
linear
compr.
4:3 source displayed on
a16:9 tube,
borders distorted
Panorama
4:3 4:3
non
linear
zoom
Letterbox source (PAL+)
displayed on a 4:3 tube,
vertical overscan,
borders distorted,
no cropping
27 40.5 MHz
1.5
linear
sample rate conversion
from external to internal
pixel clock
32 40 MHz
1.25
linear
sample rate conversion
from external to internal
pixel clock
Luma in
Luma out