参数资料
型号: AD9549A/PCBZ
厂商: Analog Devices Inc
文件页数: 10/76页
文件大小: 0K
描述: BOARD EVALUATION FOR AD9549A
设计资源: AD9549 Schematics
AD9549 Gerber Files
标准包装: 1
主要目的: 计时,时钟发生器
嵌入式:
已用 IC / 零件: AD9549A
主要属性: 8 kHz ~ 750 MHz 输入
次要属性: 差分输出
已供物品:
AD9549
Rev. D | Page 18 of 76
The PFD outputs a time series of digital words that are routed
to the digital loop filter. The digital filter implementation offers
many advantages: The filter response is determined by numeric
coefficients rather than by discrete component values; there is
no aging of components and, therefore, no drift of component
value over time; there is no thermal noise in the loop filter; and
there is no control node leakage current (which causes reference
feedthrough in a traditional analog PLL).
The output of the loop filter is a time series of digital words.
These words are applied to the frequency tuning input of a DDS
to steer the DCO frequency. The DDS provides an analog output
signal via an integrated DAC, effectively mimicking the operation
of an analog voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).
The DPLLC can be programmed to operate in conjunction with
an internal frequency estimator to help decrease the time required
to achieve lock. When the frequency estimator is employed,
frequency acquisition is accomplished in the following two-
step process:
1. An estimate is made of the frequency of fPFD. The phase
lock control loop is essentially inoperative during the
frequency estimation process. When a frequency estimate
is made, it is delivered to the DDS so that its output frequency
is approximately equal to fPFD multiplied by S (the modulus
of the feedback divider).
2. The phase lock control loop becomes active and acts as
a servo to acquire and hold phase lock with the reference
signal.
As mentioned in Step 1, the DPLLC includes a feedback divider
that allows the DCO to operate at an integer multiple (S) of fPFD.
This establishes a nominal DCO frequency (fDDS), given by
R
DDS
f
R
S
f
=
DDS
EXTERNAL DAC
RECONSTRUCTION
FILTER
FDBK_IN
PINS
CCI
LOOP
FILTER
α β
SAMPLES
DELIVERED AT
SYSCLK RATE
SAMPLES
DELIVERED AT
THE CLK RATE
PHASE
DETECTOR
(TIME-TO-
DIGITAL
CONVERTER)
÷PFD
DIV
CLK
REF
INPUT
SYSCLK
DAC_OUT
PINS
06744-
023
÷S
÷R
÷P
Figure 23. Digital PLL Block Diagram
Feedforward Divider (Divide-by-R)
The feedforward divider is an integer divider that allows
frequency prescaling of the REF source input signal while
maintaining the desired low jitter performance of the AD9549.
The feedforward divider is a programmable modulus divider with
very low jitter injection. The divider is capable of handling input
frequencies as high as 750 MHz. The divider depth is 16 bits,
cascaded with an additional divide-by-2. Therefore, the divider
is capable of integer division from 1 to 65,535 (index of 1) or from
2 to 131,070 (index of 2). The divider is programmed via the I/O
register map to trigger on either the rising (default) or falling edge
of the REF source input signal. Note that the value stored in the
R-divider register is one less than the actual R-divider, so setting the
R-divider register to 0 results in an R-divider that is equal to 1.
There is a lower bound on the value of R that is imposed by the
phase frequency detector within the DPLLC, which has a maxi-
mum operating frequency of fPFD[MAX], as explained in the Fine
Phase Detector section. The R-divider/2 bit must be set when
REFA or REFB is greater than 400 MHz. The user must also
ensure that R is chosen so that it satisfies the inequality.
]
[
ceil
MAX
PFD
R
f
R
The upper bound is
kHz
8
floor
R
f
R
where the ceil(x) function yields the nearest integer ≥ x.
For example, if fR = 155 MHz and fPFD[MAX] = 24.5 MHz, then
ceil (155/24.5) = 7, so R must be ≥7.
Feedback Divider (Divide-by-S)
The feedback divider is an integer divider allowing frequency
multiplication of the REF signal that appears at the input of the
phase detector. It is capable of handling frequencies well above
the Nyquist limit of the DDS. The divider depth is 16 bits, cas-
caded with an additional divide-by-2. Therefore, the divider is
capable of integer division from 1 to 65,535 (index of 1) or from
2 to 131,070 (index of 2). The divider is programmed via the I/O
register map to trigger on either the rising (default) or falling
edge of the feedback signal. Note that the value stored in the
S-divider register is one less than the actual R-divider, so setting
the S-divider register to 0 results in an S-divider equal to 1.
The feedback divider must be programmed within certain
boundaries. The S-divider/2 bit must be set when FDBK_IN is
greater than 400 MHz. The upper boundary on the feedback
divider is the lesser of the maximum programmable value of
S and the maximum practical output frequency of the DDS
(~40% fS). Two equations are given: SMAX1 for a feedback divider
index of 1 and SMAX2 for an index of 2.
=
535
,
65
,
%
40
min
R
S
MAX1
f
R
f
S
or
=
070
,
131
,
%
40
min
2
R
S
MAX
f
R
f
S
where R is the modulus of the feedforward divider, fS is the DAC
sample rate, and fR is the input reference frequency.
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